Tag Archives: Middle Kingdom

Ford China Sales Surge Again

By John Rosevear, The Motley Fool

Filed under:

Changan Ford executive vice president Luo Minggang presented the Kuga SUV, a twin to the U.S. market‘s Escape, at last year’s Auto China show. Photo credit: Ford Motor Company

It turns out that March was a huge month for Ford in China: The Blue Oval reported on Tuesday that its sales in the Middle Kingdom were up 65% in March over the year-ago period.

That result capped a record-breaking quarter in China for Ford and its joint-venture partners. Ford totaled 186,596 wholesale deliveries in China in the first quarter, up 54% over the first quarter of 2012.

These gains are particularly impressive because growth of the overall auto market in China has been quite subdued in recent months. But Ford’s ambitious plan to establish itself as a major player in China looks to be rapidly gathering steam.

After a late start, success for the Blue Oval in China
Ford was a latecomer to the Chinese auto party. Years after General Motors and Volkswagen had established themselves as major players in the market, Ford had only a token presence in the region, selling just a small number of cars and trucks.

But a few years ago, Ford CEO Alan Mulally moved aggressively to start changing that. Ford has since begun a massive expansion plan in China, investing over $5 billion in a series of new factories and engineering centers.

Early last year, the company said that it would launch 15 new models in China by 2015. The first of those new models, the Focus compact, arrived last April and has been a big success since.

And now it looks like Ford is racking up its second big success, with an SUV that will be a familiar face – if not exactly a familiar name – to American Ford-followers.

Another hit brewing, this time an SUV
Ford’s new-to-China Kuga SUV, pictured above, is a twin in all but name to the Escape SUV that has been racking up big sales numbers here in the U.S. Launched here last year, the latest Escape has been a good hit for Ford, posting substantial sales gains over its popular and well-regarded predecessor.

Now Ford has launched its twin in China, and early results are looking good. Ford sold nearly 10,000 Kugas in China in March, the model’s first full month on sale. SUVs are an increasingly hot market segment in China, and Ford is following up the Kuga’s launch with two more SUV models from its global portfolio: The EcoSport, a Fiesta-based small SUV originally developed for emerging markets, and the familiar Explorer.

More new products are set to arrive soon
Next up for Ford in China: The all-new Mondeo, a mid-sized sedan that is a twin in all but name to the U.S. market Fusion. The Mondeo is set to go on sale in China next month, and its striking good …read more

Source: FULL ARTICLE at DailyFinance

1 Important Storyline to Watch for in Apple Earnings

By Evan Niu, CFA, The Motley Fool

Filed under:

Investors are now exactly two weeks away from Apple‘s fiscal second quarter earnings release. The Mac maker’s March quarter has now closed, and now it’s up to the bean counters to do their thing before releasing the numbers to investors.

Some called last quarter the most important earnings release in years, and investors were none too happy about the figures. For the upcoming earnings report, there’s one important storyline for investors to watch for.

For the second half of March, Chinese state-owned media was running an all-out anti-Apple campaign, stemming from perceptions that the company’s warranty policies put Chinese consumers at a disadvantage to their counterparts in other parts of the world.

Cook addressed the concerns head on with an apology and some policy tweaks, but only after two weeks of sustained Apple bashing. That’s nearly one-sixth of the entire quarter, which has the potential to put a dent in Apple’s results in the region.

Source: SEC filings and conference calls. Calendar quarters shown. TTM = trailing-12-month sales.

Back in 2010, the Chinese media ran a similar campaign against Hewlett-Packard , which led to the PC giant losing roughly half of its market share in the country. HP‘s business in China has never recovered, while local rivals like Lenovo, Acer, and Asus have been more than happy to pick up the slack. Earlier in the month, Citigroup analyst Glen Yeung estimated that if Apple saw a similar fate, it could translate into revenue losses of up to $13.1 billion. The comparison was an overgeneralization, but Apple’s results could have definitely been affected to some extent by the campaign.

Apple now reports “Greater China” as a separate geographical segment, which primarily includes just direct online sales. When including its retail segment (11 stores currently in Greater China), Apple is up to $26.6 billion in trailing-12-month sales in the Middle Kingdom. Cook typically provides the total figure including retail on the conference call.

Investors should keep a close eye to see if Apple’s Greater China revenue took a hit as a result of the anti-Apple campaign.

There is a debate raging as to whether Apple remains a buy. The Motley Fool’s senior technology analyst and managing bureau chief, Eric Bleeker, is prepared to fill you in on both reasons to buy and reasons to sell Apple, and what opportunities are left for the company (and your portfolio) going forward. To get instant access to his latest thinking on Apple, simply click here now.

var FoolAnalyticsData = FoolAnalyticsData || []; …read more

Source: FULL ARTICLE at DailyFinance

The Chinese Media Bashing Turns From Apple to Microsoft

By Evan Niu, CFA, The Motley Fool

Filed under:

First, there was Apple . Next, there was Microsoft . No, I’m not just talking about the initial rise of the PC decades ago; I’m referring to the Chinese media bashing tech companies over warranty practices.

For the latter half of March, state-owned CCTV in China ran a full-fledged smear campaign against the Mac maker, alleging that the company’s warranty practices favored consumers in other countries and that Chinese buyers of Apple gear were being treated unfavorably, particularly when it came to iPhone replacements.

Since China is Apple’s second-largest market by revenue with $26.6 billion in trailing-12-month sales, the company rightfully acted quickly, with CEO Tim Cook personally issuing an apology appealing directly to the Chinese public. In it, Cook acknowledged that there had been some miscommunication that could have contributed to the perception that Apple was being arrogant in not responding to media requests (which is really just standard practice for Apple). The apology was well received, and the Chinese media almost immediately changed its tune, praising Apple’s prompt reply.

Bloomberg reports that China‘s state-owned radio, China National Radio, is now targeting Microsoft. The issue at the heart of the attacks again relates to warranty practices, this time for the software giant’s Surface tablet. The device should be considered in the same category as notebook computers, in which case local laws require a one-year repair warranty covering the entire device along with a two-year warranty for crucial components. Microsoft currently only offers a one-year warranty for both.

A China National Radio reporter said the two stories were not related.

The big difference is that Microsoft has a lot less to lose than Apple does. Microsoft has always had difficulty in China due to rampant software piracy. Surface launched in China in October, and Microsoft’s sales can’t have grown that much since then (although Microsoft doesn’t disclose Surface figures).

The media bashing Surface may sting Microsoft, but the Middle Kingdom isn’t nearly as important to Steve Ballmer as it is to Tim Cook. Don’t expect any apologies from Ballmer.

It’s been a frustrating path for Microsoft investors, who’ve watched the company fail to capitalize on the incredible growth in mobile over the past decade. However, with the release of its own tablet, along with the widely anticipated Windows 8 operating system, the company is looking to make a splash in this booming market. In this brand-new premium report on Microsoft, our analyst explains that while the opportunity is huge, the challenges are many. He’s also providing regular updates as key events occur, so make sure to claim a copy of this report now by clicking here.

var FoolAnalyticsData = FoolAnalyticsData || []; …read more

Source: FULL ARTICLE at DailyFinance

This GM Rival Is Upping Its Game

By John Rosevear, The Motley Fool

Filed under:

Who’s the biggest automaker in the world?

For a long time, there were only two possible answers to that question: Detroit giant General Motors , which held the crown for years (and stole it back in 2011), and Japanese colossus Toyota , which came on strong last decade and won the title again last year.

But now there’s a third entrant in the race to become king of autos. And last week, this automaker gave another big indication that it’s pushing hard to up its game.

VW’s push for global domination
That automaker is Volkswagen . VW has made no secret of its ambition to become the No. 1 selling global automaker by 2018.

In an interview last week, VW works council chief Bernd Osterloh told German newspaper Handelsblatt that the automaker is planning to boost its global headcount by 9%, from 550,000 to 600,000, by 2018. It’s part of VW‘s ambitious plan to overtake both GM and Toyota in overall global sales.

Needless to say, most of those new hires won’t be in VW‘s home base of Europe. VW is the European market sales leader, but Europe isn’t where the growth is – in fact, protracted economic slumps in many European nations have hammered auto sales in the last couple of years.

Europe‘s economic weakness is a big part of why VW is pushing so aggressively to expand overseas. Like rival GM, VW has a huge, well-established presence in China. GM has been the China market leader for nine years now, but VW‘s total 2012 sales in China were close behind the General’s.

Poised for expansion in China and the U.S.
Like Ford , which has been investing heavily to expand its presence in China, VW is expected to make a significant expansion push in the Middle Kingdom over the next few years. VW executives have said that they expect to nearly double the German automaker’s production capacity in China between now and 2018.

VW also sees the U.S. as a significant growth opportunity. So far in 2013, the VW brand has just a 2.7% share of the U.S. market, with VW‘s luxury Audi brand adding another 0.9%. Audi in particular may have room to grow: The brand is the luxury-car market leader in China, but trails its big German rivals – along with Toyota’s Lexus and GM‘s Cadillac – here in the U.S.

VW already leads Toyota and GM in profits
In one way, though, VW is already the global automotive leader, thanks to its efficient engineering approach and its very profitable Audi brand. VW was the most profitable automaker in the world in 2012, with $15 billion in pre-tax profit. Toyota’s $11.1 billion operating profit and GM‘s $7.9 billion pre-tax total were a long way behind.

But VW and its shareholders want more. Will the German giant really leave GM and Toyota behind? Stay tuned.

Worried about GM?
Few companies lead to such strong feelings as General Motors. …read more

Source: FULL ARTICLE at DailyFinance

Brad Pitt Helps Cadillac Catch On in China

By John Rosevear, The Motley Fool

Filed under:

After a holiday-induced dip in February, General Motors resumed its sales growth in China during March. Sales by GM and its Chinese joint ventures rose 12.6% in March from a year ago, the automaker said on Wednesday.

With 290,538 vehicles sold, March had GM‘s second-highest monthly sales total ever in China. It caps a quarter that saw GM‘s sales rise 9.6% from the year-ago period, to 816,373 vehicles – GM‘s best-ever quarterly showing in China.

It was a good showing in several areas, including a bright start for one of GM‘s most important global projects: the elevation of Cadillac — with some help from Brad Pitt.

A promising start for Cadillac’s big car in China
GM said that Chinese Cadillac sales grew 32.2% in March from a year ago. Much of that growth was driven by the new-to-China XTS, Cadillac’s biggest sedan, which sold 2,006 units in its first full month in the Middle Kingdom.

That may not sound like a lot, but it’s a nice showing by luxury-car standards – for comparison, the XTS sold “just” 3,061 units last month here in the U.S., where Cadillac is much more established. The XTS is GM‘s current take on the big cushy old-school Cadillac concept, but loaded with advanced technology like a sophisticated all-wheel-drive system and sensor-driven electronic safety features.

That technology has been a big point of emphasis in Cadillac’s marketing both here and in China, where GM officials at the February launch of the XTS in Guangzhou called it the most technically advanced Cadillac to date – and where television commercials starring actor Brad Pitt (yes, really) in a white XTS have played up the car’s high-tech features.

That’s a game that GM will have to continue to raise in China if it wants to meet its ambitious goals for its luxury brand.

A long-range plan facing daunting competition
Technology, along with Cadillac’s ever more sophisticated styling, may be GM‘s best route for expanding Cadillac’s appeal in China. The Chinese market for luxury cars has boomed in recent years, but so far it has largely been controlled by the big three German luxury brands.

Volkswagen‘s Audi brand, the favored brand of powerful government officials and Chinese bigwigs, led the market with a 29.6% share in 2012. Its German rivals BMW at 23.6% and Daimler‘s Mercedes-Benz at 20.6% were the second- and third-place finishers. The high margins typical in the luxury-car market mean that all three are booking outsized profits from their success in the Middle Kingdom.

Cadillac has been just a bit player in China‘s luxury market so far, but GM would dearly like a piece of that action. Much of the work being done to refurbish and elevate the Cadillac brand is being done with China in mind. GM outsells VW in China, but its profits from the region trail its German rival’s by a wide margin, and the success of Audi is a big reason why. The project to turn …read more

Source: FULL ARTICLE at DailyFinance

China Tightens Its OverSight On Apple

By Tim Worstall, Contributor I have to admit that I don’t really see anything wrong with some of the things that China is allegedly doing to Apple. Oh, I know there are pieces flying around out there that this is all just part of the Middle Kingdom‘s attack on foreign companies. That’s it’s a plot to do Apple down. But in terms of what is actually being said and done it doesn’t look all that bad to me: BEIJING—A Chinese regulator said it would heighten supervision over Apple Inc.’s consumer-rights practices as state media continued to attack the company over its after-sales practices. …read more
Source: FULL ARTICLE at Forbes Latest

MasterCard Wants Closer Ties to Alibaba Group

By Rich Smith, The Motley Fool

Filed under:

MasterCard has begun preparations for an alliance with China‘s Alibaba Group, the company announced Thursday. Signing a Memorandum of Understanding with China‘s largest e-commerce company, the credit card giant says it’s ready “to explore future collaboration in the area of e-Commerce,” aiming “to benefit consumers and small businesses within and outside China.”

From Alibaba’s perspective, the objective here is to promote “a safe and efficient payment experience” for users of its AliExpress and Alipay platforms. For MasterCard, the proposed relationship offers a way to expand its presence in the Middle Kingdom, and with a firm that’s already reaching out across borders through its three-year-old alliance with UPS.

Financial details on the proposed arrangement were not disclosed, and a deal has not yet been finalized. But that’s the direction the companies appear to be moving in — and investors like it. MasterCard shares closed 0.6% higher at $541.13 in the wake of Thursday’s news.

The article MasterCard Wants Closer Ties to Alibaba Group originally appeared on Fool.com.

Fool contributor Rich Smith has no position in any stocks mentioned. The Motley Fool recommends United Parcel Service. The Motley Fool owns shares of MasterCard. Try any of our Foolish newsletter services free for 30 days. We Fools may not all hold the same opinions, but we all believe that considering a diverse range of insights makes us better investors. The Motley Fool has a disclosure policy.

Copyright © 1995 – 2013 The Motley Fool, LLC. All rights reserved. The Motley Fool has a disclosure policy.

(function(c,a){window.mixpanel=a;var b,d,h,e;b=c.createElement(“script”);
b.type=”text/javascript”;b.async=!0;b.src=(“https:”===c.location.protocol?”https:”:”http:”)+
‘//cdn.mxpnl.com/libs/mixpanel-2.2.min.js’;d=c.getElementsByTagName(“script”)[0];
d.parentNode.insertBefore(b,d);a._i=[];a.init=function(b,c,f){function d(a,b){
var c=b.split(“.”);2==c.length&&(a=a[c[0]],b=c[1]);a[b]=function(){a.push([b].concat(
Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments,0)))}}var g=a;”undefined”!==typeof f?g=a[f]=[]:
f=”mixpanel”;g.people=g.people||[];h=[‘disable’,’track’,’track_pageview’,’track_links’,
‘track_forms’,’register’,’register_once’,’unregister’,’identify’,’alias’,’name_tag’,
‘set_config’,’people.set’,’people.increment’];for(e=0;e<h.length;e++)d(g,h[e]);
a._i.push([b,c,f])};a.__SV=1.2;})(document,window.mixpanel||[]);
mixpanel.init("9659875b92ba8fa639ba476aedbb73b9");

function addEvent(obj, evType, fn, useCapture){
if (obj.addEventListener){
obj.addEventListener(evType, fn, useCapture);
return true;
} else if (obj.attachEvent){
var r = obj.attachEvent("on"+evType, fn);
return r;
}
}

addEvent(window, "load", function(){new FoolVisualSciences();})
addEvent(window, "load", function(){new PickAd();})

var themeName = 'dailyfinance.com';
var _gaq = _gaq || [];
_gaq.push(['_setAccount', 'UA-24928199-1']);
_gaq.push(['_trackPageview']);

(function () {

var ga = document.createElement('script');
ga.type = 'text/javascript';
ga.async = true;
ga.src = ('https:' == document.location.protocol ? 'https://ssl' : 'http://www') + '.google-analytics.com/ga.js';

var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0];
s.parentNode.insertBefore(ga, s);
})();

…read more
Source: FULL ARTICLE at DailyFinance

Apple's Ambitious Indian Expansion

By Evan Niu, CFA, The Motley Fool

Filed under:

Apple investors are now quite accustomed to focusing on the importance of the Chinese market, which is currently the second-largest geographical segment for the Mac maker behind its domestic U.S. turf. However, in recent months that attention has been shifting south towards a new potential growth frontier waiting to be tapped: India.

Last October, Apple significantly expanded its distribution strategy to broaden its reach. In February, there were reports detailing the company’s massive overhaul of its Indian operations, growing its local workforce and offering payment plans to make devices more affordable, among other changes. Early signs are that the overhaul is working with iPhone sales on the rise and Apple becoming the No. 2 smartphone vendor by revenue.

What’s the latest development for Apple on the Indian front?

More stores galore
A new report from The Economic Times details how Apple is scaling up its presence in India and hopes to triple the number of exclusive stores that sell Apple gear by 2015 to more than 200. That’s up from roughly 65 exclusive Apple stores in India today. Those stores aren’t owned and operated directly by Apple, but instead by local franchisees that have committed to help the iPhone maker aggressively grow in India.

In addition to these Apple exclusive stores operated by resellers, the company is also looking to grow its footprint within larger multibrand stores.

A sourcing problem
One of the biggest hurdles for Apple in India has always been local regulation regarding foreign ownership of single-branded retail stores. The country’s Department of Industrial Policy and Promotion, or DIPP, used to limit foreign direct ownership of such stores to 51%. The DIPP changed its stance on this policy way back in January 2012, allowing foreign companies to own up to 100% of single-branded retail stores and potentially paving the way for official Apple stores.

There was a catch, though. Any single-brand retail store that’s owned by a foreign company must have 30% of the goods sold sourced from local vendors, a move by regulators to help boost local commerce. When the change was first made, a DIPP official implied that regulators would be willing to work with Apple, “If they tell us that the 30% sourcing is a problem, at that stage we will look into it.” That was over a year ago, and there haven’t been any reports since to the contrary. The Economic Times still cites the 30% sourcing rule as a continued hurdle for Apple to open its own stores.

Of course, Apple sources most of its components from China, like most consumer electronics companies. Manufacturing and assembly primarily takes place in the Middle Kingdom, further making it unrealistic for Apple to comply with the 30% standard.

The next best thing
Apple still lags smartphone rivals by a long shot in India, thanks in large part to the ubiquity of Google Android and …read more
Source: FULL ARTICLE at DailyFinance

Why GM Won't Win the China Luxury Wars

By John Rosevear, The Motley Fool

Filed under:

The market for luxury cars in China is one of the fastest-growing — and most lucrative — automotive markets in the world. China‘s wealth explosion has led to white-hot demand for Western luxury goods of all kinds, from Rolex watches to top-shelf champagne. Luxury cars are no exception.

With its long-established position as the top-selling automaker in China, General Motors might seem to be in a great position to take a lead in this immensely profitable market. My Foolish colleague Daniel Miller recently made just that argument.

But I don’t think so. As I see it, GM is going to have to make a massive effort if it wants to gain significant ground in China. That effort will cost billions of dollars, and take (at least) several years to bear fruit.

And even then, it might be hopeless, because the competition is already well-established.

Sure, GM can beat Toyota and Ford, but…
Daniel (rightly I think) dismissed potential challenges to GM from the likes of Toyota and Ford . While Toyota’s Lexus brand is a well-established and credible luxury competitor in other parts of the world, lingering anti-Japanese sentiment from last year’s China-Japan territorial clash continues to hurt Toyota’s China efforts across the board.

In some ways, Ford is a more serious threat. While the Blue Oval, which got a very late start in China compared to its biggest global rivals, has nothing like GM‘s presence in the Middle Kingdom, it does have some top-notch products going for it — and those products are proving to play well with Chinese consumers. Already, the Ford Focus is one of China‘s top sellers, and the Escape SUV — called the Kuga in China – has been climbing the charts since its introduction a few months ago.

Ford is doing well in China by positioning its well-equipped mainstream models as premium offerings. But, true luxury cars are something else. While Ford is making a big effort to resuscitate its laggard luxury brand, Lincoln, that effort could take years to gather steam. Even then, it seems pitched more at the Japanese luxury brands rather than at the real global luxury heavyweights that dominate the market in China.

It’s those heavyweights — the big three German luxury carmakers — that stand between GM and success in China‘s luxury-car market. And they represent a huge obstacle: All three are formidable competitors and, to put it simply, GM isn’t yet in a position to confront them directly.

The German luxury leaders are another matter
Why will it be a challenge for GM to confront the Germans in China? For one thing, they already pretty much own the market: In 2012, BMW had a 23.6 percent share of China‘s luxury car market, Daimler’s Mercedes-Benz brand had a 20.6 percent share, and Volkswagen’s Audi brand had a whopping 29.6 percent share.

That’s almost three-quarters of the market right there. As for GM‘s luxury brand, Cadillac? It’s barely on the charts, selling just a …read more
Source: FULL ARTICLE at DailyFinance

Ford Races Forward in China

By John Rosevear, The Motley Fool

Filed under:

Ford has been spending big bucks to expand its lineup in China, and recent sales results suggest that Chinese consumers are liking what they’re seeing: The Blue Oval‘s sales through the first two months of 2013 were up 46% over year-ago totals.

That’s huge. How huge? It trounced market leader General Motors7.9% gain over the same two months – itself a good result for a period in which sales at rivals Toyota and Honda actually declined.

More to the point, it’s proof that Ford’s product strategy is playing quite well in China – and that bodes very well for the Blue Oval‘s ongoing expansion plans.

Big gains in a sluggish market
While most automakers report monthly sales results in the areas in which they do business, automakers doing business in China generally present their January and February results as a combined number. That’s because Chinese New Year, a week-long holiday celebration, sometimes falls in January (like in 2012) and sometimes in February (as it did this year) – making year-over-year monthly comparisons complicated.

But this year, despite losing a week of sales to the holiday, Ford’s Chinese operation still posted a sales gain of 7% in February that looks even better when you dig into the details.

Ford operates two separate joint ventures in China: Changan Ford Automobile, which produces familiar global Ford cars like the Focus, and a joint venture with Chinese truckmaker Jiangling Motors that produces Ford-branded commercial and government vehicles based on Ford’s Transit and E350 vans.

Of those two, Changan Ford is the more significant operation, outselling the truck venture by more than two to one. And its sales have been rising sharply lately – up 39% in February alone — as Ford brings more of its well-regarded global products to the Middle Kingdom.

Familiar Fords finding success in China
Ford introduced its current global Focus compact to China last spring, with a twist: It’s called “New Focus” and positioned as an upscale offering alongside the prior-generation (“Classic Focus“) model. It has proven to be quite popular, as the two Focuses have combined to become one of China’s best-selling nameplates.

The (New) Focus was the first of 15 new Fords destined to be launched in China by mid-decade, and its success promised good things for the models that followed. The latest of those is the Kuga SUV, a near-twin of the Escape SUV in the U.S. market. It made its Chinese debut early this year and appears to be competing well with its key local rivals, Volkswagen‘s Tiguan and Honda’sCR-V.

The market for SUVs in China has been strong in recent months, a bright spot amid sluggish growth in the overall automotive market. That strength hasn’t been lost on Ford, which is planning to expand its Chinese SUV lineup by two in the next few months: The EcoSport (a small inexpensive SUV based on the Fiesta) …read more
Source: FULL ARTICLE at DailyFinance

China Passes U.S. in Smart Device Use

By 24/7 Wall St.

108680884

Filed under:

With a population more than four times that of the United States, it is only a matter of time before China becomes the world leader in any number of areas where the U.S. has long been the top dog. The latest is in the number of active smart devices – smartphones and tablets – where the latest data from research firm Flurry show that the Middle Kingdom now concludes that, by the end of this month, China will have 246 million active smart devices, compared to 230 million in the United States.

Smartphones and tablets using the Android operating system from Google Inc. (NASDAQ: GOOG) and iOS from Apple Inc. (NASDAQ: AAPL) are, as you might expect, leading the way. Here is what Flurry observes:

In this new era of mobile computing, sparked by a confluence of powerful innovation across microprocessors, cloud storage and network speeds, Apple and Google have helped create the fastest adopted technology revolution in history, 10X faster than that of the PC Revolution and 3X that of the Internet Boom. And now, as the largest and fastest modernizing country in the world, Chinese consumers lead that revolution.

China added 150 million devices in the 12 months to January 2013 and continues to grow its market at an annual rate of more than 200%. That is no longer the fastest growth rate, which now occurs in Colombia. But it is plenty fast given China‘s enormous population.

Filed under: 24/7 Wall St. Wire, China, Consumer Electronics, Technology Tagged: AAPL, GOOG

Read | Permalink | Email this | Comments

…read more
Source: FULL ARTICLE at DailyFinance