Researchers at Brown University have shown that some Martian valleys appear to have been caused by runoff from orographic precipitation—moisture carried part of the way up a mountain and deposited on the slopes. …read more
Source: FULL ARTICLE at Phys.org
By Elise Ackerman, Contributor
A few years ago a team of researchers from Brown University made headlines after they successfully demonstrated how a paralyzed woman who had lost the use of her arms and legs could control a robotic arm using her brainwaves. In a video, Cathy Hutchinson imagines drinking a cup of coffee, and the robotic arm brings the cup to her lips. …read more
Source: FULL ARTICLE at Forbes Latest
Engineers from Brown University have mapped out the amounts of compression required to cause wrinkles, creases, and folds to form in rubbery materials. The findings could help engineers control the formation of these structures, which can be useful in designing nanostructured materials for flexible electronic devices or surfaces that require variable adhesion. …read more
Source: FULL ARTICLE at Phys.org
Parents may sometimes wish they could interpret their babies’ cries, and now researchers may have found a way to do this. A team from Brown University and the Women & Infants Hospital of Rhode Island developed a device that analyzes a baby’s cry as a means to interpret possible health or developmental problems… …read more
A tiny hymnal from 1640 believed to be the first book ever printed in what is now the United States is going up for auction, and it could sell for as much as $30 million.
Only 11 copies of the Bay Psalm Book survive in varying degrees of completeness. Members of Boston’s Old South Church have authorized the sale of one of its two copies at Sotheby’s Nov. 26.
“It’s a spectacular book, arguably one of the most important books in this nation’s history,” said the Rev. Nancy Taylor, senior minister and CEO of the church, which was established in 1669. Samuel Adams was a member and Benjamin Franklin was baptized there.
At one time, the church owned five copies of the 6-by-5-inch hymnal. One is now at the Library of Congress, another at Yale University and a third at Brown University.
Taylor says the church voted to sell one of its two remaining copies– both in “excellent condition” — to increase its grants, ministries and “strengthen our voice in general as a progressive Christian church.”
The book was published in Cambridge, Mass., by the Puritan leaders of the Massachusetts Bay Colony. It came just 20 years after the Pilgrims landed at Plymouth.
The hymnal was supposed to be a faithful translation into English of the original Hebrew psalms — puritans believed selected paraphrases would compromise their salvation. The 1,700 copies were printed on a press shipped over from London.
A yellowed title page, adorned with decorative flourishes, reads: “The Whole Booke of Psalmes, Faithfully Translated into English Metre.” At the bottom, it says: “Imprinted 1640.”
Historians believe an almanac may have come off the press before the Bay Psalm Book. But Mark Dimunation, chief of rare books and special collections at the Library of Congress, says the almanac was more of a pamphlet or a broadsheet rather than a book. No copy of the almanac exists today. He notes that in the Americas, in general, books were printed in what is now Mexico as early as 1539.
The Bay Psalm Book is “an iconic piece. It’s the beginning of literate America,” said Dimunation. “American poetry, American spirituality and the printed page all kind of combine and find themselves located in a single volume.”
“But there’s also something much more modest and humble about this piece, which makes its survival all the most extraordinary,” he said, noting that the hymnals were utilitarian books that were subjected to a lot of wear and tear.
The last time a copy came on the auction block in 1947, it sold for a record auction price of $151,000. At the time, it surpassed auction prices for the Gutenberg Bible, Shakespeare’s First Folio and John James Audubon’s “Birds of America.”
From: http://feeds.foxnews.com/~r/foxnews/national/~3/PD243xJzC3Y/
A “garden variety” leaf is a broad, flat structure, but if the garden happens to be somewhere arid, it probably includes succulent plants with plump leaves full of precious water. Fat leaves did not emerge in the plant world easily. A new Brown University study published in Current Biology reports that to sustain efficient photosynthesis, they required the evolution of a fundamental remodeling of leaf vein structure: the addition of a third dimension.
I recently spoke to Andy Molinsky, who is an associate professor at Brandeis University’s International Business School and author of the new book, Global Dexterity: How to Adapt Your Behavior Across Cultures without Losing Yourself in the Process. He specializes in cross-cultural interaction in business settings and has created a popular MBA course focused on cross-cultural adaptation. He has published widely on the topic of cultural adaptation; his work has been featured by a range of media outlets including the Financial Times, the Boston Globe, NPR, and Voice of America. He received his Ph.D. in Organizational Behavior and M.A. in Psychology from Harvard University. He also holds a Master’s Degree in International Affairs from Columbia University and a B.A. in International Affairs from Brown University.
Source: FULL ARTICLE at Forbes Latest
By The Huffington Post News Editors
By: Tia Ghose, LiveScience Staff Writer
Published: 04/04/2013 02:11 PM EDT on LiveScience
A computer can predict what you’re dreaming about based on brain wave activity, new research suggests.
By measuring people’s brain activity during waking moments, researchers were able to pick out the signatures of specific dream imagery — such as keys or a bed — while the dreamer was asleep.
“We know almost nothing about the function of dreaming,” said study co-author Masako Tamaki, a neuroscientist at Brown University. “Using this method, we might be able to know more about the function of dreaming.”
The findings, which were published today (April 4) in the journal Science, could also help scientists understand what goes on in the brain when people have nightmares.
Sleepy Mystery
Exactly why people dream is a mystery. Whereas the founder of psychoanalysis Sigmund Freud may have thought dreams were about wish fulfillment, others believe dreams are irrelevant byproducts of the sleep cycle. And yet another theory holds that dreams allow the mind to continue working on puzzles faced during the day. In general, most people believe their dreams have meaning.
Scientists have dreamt of being able to look inside the brain’s sleepy wonderland. Past studies had suggested that people’s brain activity can be decoded to reveal what they are thinking about: For instance, scientists have decoded movie clips from brain waves.
Dream Reading
So why not try to read dreams?
Tamaki and her colleagues tracked brain activity using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) of three people as they were sleeping; the researchers woke up the trio every few minutes to have them describe their dreams. In total, the scientists collected about 200 visual images. [7 Mind-Bending Facts About Dreams]
The researchers then tied the dream content that participants described in their waking moments to specific patterns in brain activity (as seen in the blood flow in fMRI scans) and had a computer model learn those signatures.
The computer model then analyzed each person’s dreams. The model was able to pick out the time when each person dreamed of specific objects based on their brain activity when they were awake.
Those findings showed the same brain regions are activated when people are awake as when they are actually having the associated dream.
“We were amazed,” Tamaki said.
Even though the team just tried to read dream imagery from one person’s waking brain activity, they found some common patterns for broad classes of imagery, such as scenery versus people, Tamaki told LiveScience.
“There is a similarity amongst the subjects, so from that result, we could pick up some basic dream content and then we can build a model from those base contents, and they may apply to other people,” Tamaki said.
Follow Tia Ghose on Twitter @tiaghose. Follow LiveScience @livescience, Facebook & Google+. Original article on LiveScience.com.
Source: FULL ARTICLE at Huffington Post
By The Huffington Post News Editors
By: Megan Gannon, News Editor
Published: 03/31/2013 02:26 PM EDT on LiveScience
The discovery of microscopic color-making structures in fossilized feathers has recently made it possible for scientists to picture dinosaurs and ancient birds in their natural hues.
But a group of researchers warns we might not be able to paint a Microraptor shimmery black or give the giant ancient penguin a maroon and gray coat just yet.
To reconstruct the elusive color of feathered dinosaurs, scientists have zeroed in on melanosomes, melanin-loaded organelles typically present in the cells of the skin, hair and feathers whose colors (which range from black to brown to reddish) are each associated with a specific geometry. Though the visible color of melanosomes often degrades over time, their preserved size, shape and arrangement can give some hints about their original color.
But the melanosomes encased in feather fossils today could have a distorted shape that leads scientists to the wrong conclusion about their true color, according to the new study.
Since scientists don’t have hundreds of millions of years to watch how feather fossilization takes place from start to finish, Maria McNamara, of the University of Bristol, and her colleagues simulated a long burial by popping bird feathers into an autoclave, subjecting them to temperatures up to 482 degrees Fahrenheit (250 degrees Celsius) and intense pressure, about 250 times that of the atmosphere. The researchers found that the melanosomes shrank under these harsh conditions. [In Photos: Reconstructing Microraptor’s Black Feathers]
Some scientists who have studied the color of fossilized feathers say they took this shrinkage into consideration and don’t believe revisions are in order.
Ryan Carney, a researcher at Brown University, worked on a study of the feathers of Archaeopteryx, a species once considered to be the earliest bird that lived about 150 million years ago in what is now Bavaria in Germany. Carney and his colleagues, who published their findings last year, concluded that Archaeopteryx had a black plumage based on an electron microscope-view of hundreds of melanosomes found within a fossil.
Carney told LiveScience that although the melanosomes shrink over time, their original shape leaves an imprint in the rock.
“In the Archaeopteryx feather for example, we found that length and width of melanosomes were significantly smaller compared to those of imprints, and the shrinkage was actually quite similar to that of the McNamara et al. experiment,” Carney wrote in an email.
Another researcher, Jakob Vinther, of the University of Bristol, who worked on the Archaeopteryx study — as well as feather-color reconstructions for the giant penguin Inkayacu paracasensis and the Microraptor — echoed Carney’s remarks in comments to the journal Nature.
Even so, McNamara said another important finding of her study was that melanosomes survive fossilization even after the disappearance other non-melanin color traces, such as carotenoids, which can create brilliant shades of orange. Yellow, red, green and blue feathers all turned black during the …read more
Source: FULL ARTICLE at Huffington Post
Authorities are releasing video believed to be missing Ivy League student Sunil Tripathi, WPRI reports.
Tripathi, a student at Brown University in Providence, R.I., had requested time off from Brown and was granted approved leave, but remained a student at the university.
Police are hoping the video will provide new clues to help find Tripathi, who was last seen by his housemate two weeks ago.
According to WPRI, the video image shows a tall, skinny man wearing a black cap, dark jacket and jeans walking south on Brook Street — not far from from Tripathi’s home. The video was recorded at 1:33 a.m. on March 16, about 20 minutes after his last recorded computer activity.
Tripathi apparently left his apartment without his wallet and cellphone.
According to a statement from Brown, the FBI has joined the Providence Police Department and the Brown University Department of Public Safety in the investigation, which has expanded to New York, Boston, Connecticut and Philadelphia.
“Typically, two reasons people don’t take the normal things they take with them is because they’re stepping outside to talk to somebody, they’re going half a block away, or they’re not coming back,” ABC News consultant and former FBI Agent Brad Garrett told “Good Morning America.”
Meanwhile, Tripathi’s brother and sister, Ravi Tripathi and Sangeeta Tripathi, told WPRI that several area businesses have been reviewing their surveillance videos for any signs of the 22-year-old. Tripathi’s siblings have been searching the Providence, R.I., area in hopes of uncovering new leads in the search for their missing younger brother.
“We’ve just been literally walking every road we saw him walk. Walking in every nook and cranny, talking to every local business, and really trying to move forward,” Sangeeta Tripathi told ABC News.
Family members say the Help Us Find Sunil Tripathi Facebook page has generated more than 1.2 million unique views in its first week.
Sunil Tripathi was last seen wearing a pair of blue jeans, a black Eastern Mountain Sports ski jacket, glasses and a Philadelphia Eagles wool hat. He is 6 feet tall and weighs 130 pounds.
Anyone in the Providence area who wishes to help in the search for Tripathi should email helpusfindsuniltripathi@gmail.com .
By Emma Karlin
With employment prospects for college graduates as dismal as Barack Obama has made them, it’s hard to see how this makes sense. Brown University is planning to host a workshop called “Protect me from what I want” designed to help black homosexuals overcome their “unapproved” attraction to caucasian gays.
This is another example of the white liberal’s belief in their right of husbandry over all minorities, especially blacks. These people obviously see “managing” the lives of subgroups as their self-appointed job.
While it’s clear that white liberals believe they should be able to tell anyone how to live their lives, this is never truer than when they deal with blacks. In the white liberal worldview, blacks are not allowed to think conservative thoughts. They are not allowed to go to any schools not run by the government. They are not allowed to protect themselves with guns or shop in Walmart. They are not allowed to protect their five-year-old children from being forcibly taught what the letters LGBT mean. They are not allowed to maintain their own religious views on gay marriage and abortion.
Even black homosexuals are now being told their attraction to white homosexuals is unacceptable. The same people who force the homosexual lifestyle into every form of entertainment and communication (because to do otherwise is somehow to discriminate against homosexuals’ lifestyles) are telling black gays they have to fight their desires for white gays.
This new white liberal assault on black freedoms comes wrapped in drivel about “white privilege” even extending to who plays pitcher and who plays catcher in black/white gay sex. Dividing people by race, even gay people, is so appealing to white liberals that they can’t stand seeing black gays with white gays.
The literature describing the workshop bolsters this charge. It says people of color and caucasians will be separated to “unpack some of our specific experiences of racialized desire…”
It costs $55,012 a year to attend Brown University. One has to wonder if the parents who are paying that money think it is worth the effort and sacrifices involved in sending their student to Brown University. Brown University seems to be just another liberal institution wearing a “new suit of clothes.”
Yesterday, I had the opportunity to speak at the screening of excerpts from an extraordinary new documentary, “Makers: Women Who Make America.” College and high school students from all over the Washington, DC area came together to watch the documentary, and hear a panel discussion with two incredible women – former Congresswoman Pat Schroeder, and former President of Brown University, Ruth Simmons – both of whom were also featured in Makers.
Linda Douglass, Senior Vice President for Global Communications for Atlantic Media Company, moderated the panel. Linda is a former broadcast journalist who has covered six presidential campaigns.
Brown University says the search for a missing student who was last seen on campus a week ago is expanding outside Providence to Boston, Connecticut, New York and Philadelphia.
Sunil Tripathi is a philosophy major at Brown who grew up in Bryn Mawr, Pa. He has been living in Providence since 2008. He was on approved leave from the Ivy League school.
Brown spokeswoman Darlene Trew Crist says in a statement Saturday that Providence and Brown police departments are leading the missing person investigation.
The search for Tripathi over the last six days focused on the greater Providence area. It involved distributing flyers, searching various neighborhoods and soliciting for information through social media sites.
Tripathi is 6 feet tall and was last seen wearing blue jeans, a black ski jacket, glasses and a wool hat.
By Business Wirevia The Motley Fool
Filed under: Investing
CORRECTING and REPLACING FDA Approves GE Healthcare’s AdreView™ (Iobenguane I 123 Injection) for Cardiac Risk Evaluation in Heart Failure Patients
AdreView is the First and Only Imaging Agent Approved for Visualization of Myocardial Sympathetic Innervation in Certain Heart Failure Patients
PRINCETON, N.J.–(BUSINESS WIRE)– The first paragraph has been replaced.
The corrected release reads:
FDA Approves GE Healthcare’s AdreView™ (Iobenguane I 123 Injection) for Cardiac Risk Evaluation in Heart Failure Patients
AdreView is the First and Only Imaging Agent Approved for Visualization of Myocardial Sympathetic Innervation in Certain Heart Failure Patients
GE Healthcare today announced the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval of a new indication for AdreView™ (Iobenguane I 123 Injection), the first and only FDA approved molecular imaging agent to link nerve function in the heart to a patient’s mortality risk.1 AdreView is approved for the scintigraphic assessment of myocardial sympathetic innervation (cardiac nerve activity) to assist in the evaluation of patients with New York Heart Association (NYHA) Class II or Class III heart failure and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≤ 35% to help identify patients with one and two-year mortality risks as indicated by an H/M ratio ≥1.6. In patients with congestive heart failure (CHF), utility has not been established for selecting therapy, monitoring response to therapy, or to identify a patient with high risk of death.2
“Predicting disease progression in heart failure patients can be difficult, and there are currently a limited number of prognostic tools available to help clinicians understand the likelihood for heart failure progression,” said James Arrighi, MD, Associate Professor of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI and current president of the American Society of Nuclear Cardiology. “Now, with AdreView, we have a tool that will provide clinicians with a numeric score to help stratify mortality risk, and may help to promote more informed clinical decision-making.”
Increased myocardial sympathetic activity is a prominent feature of heart failure3 and is often associated with decline in left ventricular function, worsening heart failure symptoms, and sudden cardiac death.1,4 This increase leads to a depletion of norepinephrine (NE) storage and uptake.5 AdreView …read more
Source: FULL ARTICLE at DailyFinance
By Business Wirevia The Motley Fool
Filed under: Investing
FDA Approves GE Healthcare’s AdreView™ (Iobenguane I 123 Injection) for Cardiac Risk Evaluation in Heart Failure Patients
AdreView is the First and Only Imaging Agent Approved for Visualization of Myocardial Sympathetic Innervation in Certain Heart Failure Patients
PRINCETON, N.J.–(BUSINESS WIRE)– GE Healthcare today announced the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval of a new indication for AdreView™ (Iobenguane I 123 Injection), the first and only FDA approved molecular imaging agent to link nerve function in the heart to a patient’s mortality risk.1 AdreView is approved for the scintigraphic assessment of myocardial sympathetic innervation (cardiac nerve activity) to assist in the evaluation of patients with New York Heart Association (NYHA) Class II or Class III heart failure and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≤ 35%.2
“Predicting disease progression in heart failure patients can be difficult, and there are currently a limited number of prognostic tools available to help clinicians understand the likelihood for heart failure progression,” said James Arrighi, MD, Associate Professor of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI and current president of the American Society of Nuclear Cardiology. “Now, with AdreView, we have a tool that will provide clinicians with a numeric score to help stratify mortality risk, and may help to promote more informed clinical decision-making.”
Increased myocardial sympathetic activity is a prominent feature of heart failure3 and is often associated with decline in left ventricular function, worsening heart failure symptoms, and sudden cardiac death.1,4 This increase leads to a depletion of norepinephrine (NE) storage and uptake.5 AdreView provides a means for assessing the neuronal capacity for uptake and storage of NE.2 While current prognostic tests look at the effect of the disease on heart muscle and blood flow, imaging with AdreView uses the heart to mediastinum (H/M) ratio to assess the functionality of the sympathetic nerves.
With AdreView, the H/M ratio is a measure of radioactivity uptake in the heart compared to that of a reference region in the mediastinum (the mass of tissues and organs between the two pleural sacs that separate the heart from the lungs).2,6 This measurement has a typical range of 1-2.4 and can accurately identify patients with lower than average one- and two- year mortality risk. In clinical studies, an AdreView Score (H/M ratio) of ≥1.6 was associated with a 99% probability of survival at one year (negative predictive value, NPV).2 In patients with congestive heart failure, AdreView utility has not …read more
Source: FULL ARTICLE at DailyFinance
A new paper in the peer-reviewed journal CBE—Life Sciences Education describes a Brown University program that has significantly improved recruiting and performance of underrepresented minority students in its nine life sciences doctoral programs over the last four years. …read more
Source: FULL ARTICLE at Phys.org
Even as the Hispanic population continues to grow rapidly, the residential separation of most Hispanic groups has declined sharply in the last two decades, according to a new analysis of census data released by the US2010 Project at Brown University. The important exception – Mexicans, who are more than half ofthe nation’s Hispanics. …read more
Source: FULL ARTICLE at Phys.org
By The Huffington Post News Editors
By: Stephanie Pappas, LiveScience Senior Writer
Published: 03/19/2013 07:40 AM EDT on LiveScience
A tectonic plate that disappeared under North America millions of years ago still peeks out in central California and Mexico, new research finds.
The Farallon oceanic plate was once nestled between the Pacific and North American plates, which were converging around 200 million years ago at what would become the San Andreas fault along the Pacific coast. This slow geological movement forced the Farallon plate under North America, a process called subduction.
Much of the Farallon plate got pushed down into the mantle, the gooey molten layer below the Earth’s crust. Off the coast, parts of the plate fragmented, leaving some remnants at the surface, stuck to the Pacific plate.
Now, new research published Monday (March 18) in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, finds that these pieces of Farallon plate are attached to much larger chunks at the surface. In fact, part of the Baja region of Mexico and part of central California near the Sierra Nevada mountains sit upon slabs of Farallon plate.
The finding solves a mystery of California geology. Earth scientists use seismic waves (either recorded from earthquakes or created with dynamic charges or other methods) to map out the region beneath the Earth’s surface. Softer and hotter materials slow seismic waves down. The waves move faster through stiffer, cooler material.
In California, these seismic surveys revealed a large mass of cool, dry material 62 miles to 124 miles (100 to 200 kilometers) below the surface. This strange spot was dubbed the “Isabella anomaly.” [7 Ways the Earth Changes in the Blink of an Eye]
Despite many theories, no one had nailed down exactly what caused the Isabella anomaly. Then researchers discovered another anomaly (where the researchers saw a change in seismic wave speed where one wasn’t expected) under the Baja Peninsula, directly east of some of the known remains of the Farallon plate. The proximity led Brown University geophysicists Donald Forsyth and Yun Wang (now at the University of Alaska) to suspect they might be related.
Near the eastern edge of the anomaly, the researchers found volcanic rock deposits called high-magnesium andesites. These are usually linked to the melting of oceanic crust, suggesting that this is the spot where the Farallon plate broke off and subducted, melting into the mantle.
A re-examination of the Isabella anomaly found that it, too, lined up with known Farallon fragments.
“This work has radically changed our understanding of the make-up of the west coast of North America,” study co-author Brian Savage of the University of Rhode Island said in a statement. “It will cause a thorough rethinking of the geological history of North America and undoubtedly many other continental margins.”
Follow Stephanie Pappas @sipappas. Follow LiveScience on Twitter @livescience, Facebook or Google+. Original article on LiveScience.com.
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Source: FULL ARTICLE at Huffington Post
By The Huffington Post News Editors
By Roberta Rampton and Rachelle Younglai
WASHINGTON, March 18 (Reuters) – President Barack Obama on Monday nominated Tom Perez, head of the Justice Department’s Civil Rights Division, as labor secretary – a job that would give him a key role in the administration’s efforts to raise the minimum wage and reform immigration laws.
Perez, 51, is the only Latino nominated to Obama‘s second-term Cabinet so far. He is expected to face opposition from some Republican senators who say he has been too aggressive on certain immigration issues and too political.
Obama described Perez’s career as exemplifying the American success story, noting Perez, the son of immigrants from the Dominican Republic and a graduate of Brown University and Harvard Law School, helped pay for college by working as a garbage collector and in a warehouse.
“If you’re willing to work hard, it doesn’t matter who you are, where you come from, what your last name is – you can make it if you try,” Obama said. “Tom’s made protecting that promise for everybody the cause of his life.”
Perez has worked on civil rights issues in a number of government positions, including as labor secretary for the Maryland state government, and as an elected council member for the Washington suburb of Montgomery County, Maryland.
He also spent time working as a special counsel to the late Democratic Senator Edward Kennedy on civil rights, including immigration reform issues.
Obama urged the Senate to confirm Perez quickly. He said he would be an integral part of his economic team as the administration works with Congress to try to overhaul immigration laws to give the country’s 11 million illegal immigrants a pathway to citizenship.
Obama also has proposed increasing the minimum wage to $9 per hour from its current level of $7.25, an initiative that the Labor Department has been promoting around the country.
Perez’s nomination was championed by Hispanic groups, which have pushed for more representation in the Cabinet. …read more
Source: FULL ARTICLE at Huffington Post
By The Huffington Post News Editors
By Daniel Trotta
NEW YORK, March 14 (Reuters) – The U.S. war in Iraq has cost $1.7 trillion with an additional $490 billion in benefits owed to war veterans, expenses that could grow to more than $6 trillion over the next four decades counting interest, a study released on Thursday said.
The war has killed at least 134,000 Iraqi civilians and may have contributed to the deaths of as many as four times that number, according to the Costs of War Project by the Watson Institute for International Studies at Brown University.
When security forces, insurgents, journalists and humanitarian workers were included, the war’s death toll rose to an estimated 176,000 to 189,000, the study said.
The report, the work of about 30 academics and experts, was published in advance of the 10th anniversary of the U.S.-led invasion of Iraq on March 19, 2003.
It was also an update of a 2011 report the Watson Institute produced ahead of the 10th anniversary of the Sept. 11 attacks that assessed the cost in dollars and lives from the resulting wars in Afghanistan, Pakistan and Iraq.
The 2011 study said the combined cost of the wars was at least $3.7 trillion, based on actual expenditures from the U.S. Treasury and future commitments, such as the medical and disability claims of U.S. war veterans.
That estimate climbed to nearly $4 trillion in the update.
The estimated death toll from the three wars, previously at 224,000 to 258,000, increased to a range of 272,000 to 329,000 two years later.
Excluded were indirect deaths caused by the mass exodus of doctors and a devastated infrastructure, for example, while the costs left out trillions of dollars in interest the United States could pay over the next 40 years.
The interest on expenses for the Iraq war could amount to about $4 trillion during that period, the report said. …read more
Source: FULL ARTICLE at Huffington Post
